Planet6174
2018-08-08 21:45:06
广告:如果你想翻译题目,但又担心自己的译文不大靠谱,欢迎加群,群号=67×1993×5351。我现在邀请了几位英语、日语、韩语、俄语大佬来有组织地翻译题目。您只需满足条件,并且会 Markdown 即可。
如果您看到了您的翻译被列在下面批判,很抱歉。本人没有冒犯之意,列出这些翻译只为参考学习。
现代汉语成分:主谓宾定状补的定义,基本句型
英语:主谓宾表定状补的定义,定从状从的用法,基本句型
汉 | 英 |
---|---|
四次方程 | Quadtic Formula |
二次方程 | Quadratic Formula |
满二叉树 | Full Binary Tree |
完全二叉树 | Complete Binary Tree |
完美二叉树 | Perfect Binary Tree |
平衡二叉树 | Balanced Binary Tree |
AVL树 | AVL Tree |
英语里的 Full/Complete/Perfect Binary Tree 是比较统一的,但是英译汉的争论由来已久,最常见的是 Full Binary Tree 被吃了,Perfect Binary Tree 译为满二叉树;有些地方则是 Perfect Binary Tree 译为完全二叉树,Complete Binary Tree 译为满二叉树,并且好像两种译法都不在少数。除此之外,平衡二叉树与 AVL 树也在很多人甚至很多书里混为一谈。
根据美国国家标准技术研究所(NIST)的定义,
满二叉树 (Full Binary Tree)
要么是叶子结点(结点的度为 0),要么结点同时具有左右子树(结点的度为 2)。
完全二叉树 (Complete Binary Tree)
除最后一层外的每层结点都完全填满,在最后一层上如果不是满的,则只缺少右边的若干结点。
完美二叉树 (Perfect Binary Tree)
所有的非叶子结点都有两个孩子,所有的叶子结点都在同一层。即每层结点都完全填满。
平衡二叉树 (Balanced Binary Tree)
所有的叶子结点到根结点的距离之差不超过一个定值,增删结点后可能会通过“旋转”再次平衡。
AVL树 (AVL Tree)
它是一棵平衡二叉搜索树,且它的左右两个子树的高度差不超过 1,并且左右两个子树都是一棵 AVL 树。
She has
N vertices, numbered from1 toN .
你谷小学生的翻译:她有 NNN 个结点,从 111 到 NNN 编号。
错译/机翻:她有
错译:她有
偷工减料的正确译文:有
正确译文:她有
错译的错误在于「从
根据 LibreOJ 用户群的投票结果,「她有编号为
多说两句。在原文中,有时「numbered from」前面可能会有定语,例如从左到右、从上到下、顺时针和逆时针。此时就不应该翻译为「分别编号」,而是「依次编号」。
Source: JOISC 2017 Day1 T1
The new planet has a field, which is a rectangular grid withR rows andC columns. The columns are parallel to the south-north direction, and the rows are parallel to the east-west direction. The cell in thei -th row from north and thej -th column from west is called the cell(i, j) . The north-west corner of the field is the cell(1, 1) , and the south-east corner is the cell(R,C) ...In the spring of the first year,N cells in the field have grasses.
机翻不放了
人脑优化机翻:新行星有一片田野,这是一个
这个翻译没有问题,但是读起来很麻烦。能不能简化呢?
UOJ 究极意会+魔改版翻译:小 M 有一个
本人拙译:有个网格有
本人的经验是:
Source: JOISC 2017 Day4 T1
The urban area is a city of rectangular grid withH streets running in the east-west direction andW streets running in the south-north direction. The distance between two adjacent crossings is1 kilometer...
完整翻译:某地的道路网是一个由
简便译法:有
本人经验:
Source: BalticOI 2011 Day1 T3
Casper is designing an electronic circuit on aN×M rectangular grid plate. There areN×M square tiles that are aligned to the grid on the plate. Two (out of four) opposite corners of each tile are connected by a wire.
你谷上的人脑优化机翻:N×M矩形网格板上有N×M个与板上的栅格对齐的方形瓷砖。每个瓷砖的对角由一根电线连接。
我:有一种正方形的电路元件,在它的两组相对顶点中,有一组会用导线连接起来,另一组则不会。有
人脑优化机翻的问题:plate →瓷砖。我其实也不会 plate 的准确翻译,因此为了译文清晰,我对译文做了大规模调整。
还有一个问题:每个瓷砖的对角由一根电线连接。我刚读的时候一直以为是两组对角线→两根电线。
Source: BalticOI 2011 Day1 T4
If you are in line with the Viking ship (you are in the same vertical or horizontal line as the Viking ship with only sea between the Viking ship and you), you are dead.
你谷上的翻译:如果你与维京船一致(你与维京船在同一垂直或水平线上,只有维京船和你之间的海),你就死了。
我:如果你和贼船在同一行或同一列,并且贼船与你之间只有海没有陆地,你就挂了。
这个细讲一下。
you are in line with the Viking ship...
A be in line with B:A 与 B 相符/相一致。但是,在本题中显然得断开理解:A 和 B 在同一条直线上。你觉得不显然?注意一下原文里这句话后面的括号。
you are in the same vertical or horizontal line as the Viking ship with only sea between the Viking ship and you
懵了?那我拆开分析一下……
you are in the same vertical or horizontal line:你和____在同一行或同一列
you are in the same vertical or horizontal line (as the Viking ship):你和维京船在同一行或同一列
you are ... with only sea (between the Viking ship and you):你...,在维京船和你之间只有海
合起来:你和维京船在同一行或同一列,并且在维京船和你之间只有海。
Source: 洛谷 P4083 [USACO17DEC] A Pie for a Pie
Bessie and Elsie have each bakedN pies (1 \leq N \leq 10^5 ). Each of the2N pies has a tastiness value according to Bessie and a (possibly different) tastiness value according to Elsie. Bessie is thinking about giving one of her pies to Elsie. If Elsie receives a pie from Bessie, she will feel obligated to give one of her pies to Bessie. So as to not appear stingy nor flamboyant, Elsie will try to pick a pie that is at least as tasty (in Elsie's eyes) as the pie she received, but no more thanD units tastier (0 \leq D \leq 10^9 ). Such a pie may not exist, in which case Elsie will adopt a pseudonym and exile herself to Japan.But if Elsie does give Bessie a pie in return, Bessie will similarly try to give Elsie a pie which is at least as tasty but no more than
D units tastier (in Bessie's eyes) as the pie Elsie just gave her. Should this be impossible, Bessie too will exile herself. Otherwise she will give her chosen pie to Elsie. This cycle will continue until one of the cows is exiled, an unhappy outcome, or one of the cows receives a pie which she accords a tastiness value of0 , in which case the gift exchange will end and both cows will be happy.Note that a pie may not be gifted twice, nor can either cow return a pie gifted to her.
For each of the
N pies Bessie could select as her initial gift to Elsie, determine the minimum number of pies that could possibly be gifted in the resulting exchange before the cows are happy.
你谷上的翻译:
Bessie和Elsie都会烤
Bessie想给Elsie一个她的派。如果Elsie从Bessie那里收到一个派,她会觉得自己有义务给Bessie一个派,比如美味值为
但如果Elsie不给Bessie回赠一个馅饼,Bessie同样会给Elsie一个馅饼,这个派好吃但美味值不增加D单位(在Bessie眼中)。如果这是不可能的,Bessie也会放逐自己,否则她会将她选择的派给Elsie。这个循环将持续到一头牛被放逐,或一头牛收到一个价值为0(在她自己看来)的派,此时交换结束,两只奶牛都会很快乐。
请注意,一个馅饼不会被送两次,任意一只牛也不能把馅饼送给她自己。
Bessie可以选择她最初送给Elsie的礼物,请确定在交换结束之前,两只奶牛的交换次数。
上面的中文翻译看懂了吗?有点懵?
我:
Bessie 和 Elsie 各自烤了
她们想互赠礼物。开始时,Bessie 送给 Elsie 一个馅饼。她们收到礼物(对方做的馅饼)后都会回赠对方一个自己做的馅饼。
她们选择回礼的方法相同。以 Elsie 为例,Elsie 根据自己的打分来选择回礼。回礼的分数至少要大于她收到的馅饼的分数,但两个馅饼的分数差不能大于
她们之间的礼物交换将持续到一头牛放弃(Bad End),或一头牛收到一个她自己打分为
请注意,不能把一个馅饼赠送两次,不能把馅饼送给自己。
Bessie 想知道:对于每个她做的馅饼,如果她将这个馅饼作为最开始送给 Elsie 的礼物,她俩至少要互赠多少次馅饼(Bessie 给 Elsie 算一次,Elsie 回赠 Bessie 又算一次),才能 Happy End。如果不可能 Happy End,请输出 -1
。
你谷机翻的痕迹已经加粗。别扭的地方不说了,说下错译之处。
Elsie will try to pick a pie that is at least as tasty (in Elsie's eyes) as the pie she received, but no more than
D units tastier.
美味值不增加
But if Elsie does give Bessie a pie in return,
但如果Elsie不给Bessie回赠一个馅饼 → 但即使Elsie给Bessie回赠一个馅饼。强调句了解一下。
为什么要删繁就简?如果原题面需要 2 分钟阅读,而译者花 10 分钟,将其简化为 15 秒可以读完,这样便于自己理清题意,又能造福后来人的事情,何乐而不为呢?
举两个例子。
Source: 洛谷 P3105 [USACO14OPEN] 公平的摄影 Fair Photography
FJ's N cows (2 ≤ N ≤ 100,000) are standing at various positions along a long one-dimensional fence. The ith cow is standing at position x_i (an integer in the range 0...1,000,000,000) and is either a plain white cow or a spotted cow. No two cows occupy the same position, and there is at least one white cow.
FJ wants to take a photo of a contiguous interval of cows for the county fair, but in fairness to his different cows, he wants to ensure there are equal numbers of white and spotted cows in the photo. FJ wants to determine the maximum size of such a fair photo, where the size of a photo is the difference between the maximum and minimum positions of the cows in the photo.
To give himself an even better chance of taking a larger photo, FJ has with him a bucket of paint that he can use to paint spots on an arbitrary subset of his white cows of his choosing, effectively turning them into spotted cows. Please determine the largest size of a fair photo FJ can take, given that FJ has the option of painting some of his white cows (of course, he does not need to paint any of the white cows if he decides this is better).
机翻:FJ 的
FJ 想为县会拍摄一头连续的奶牛照片,但为了公平地对待他的不同的奶牛,他想确保照片中有相同数量的白色和斑点的奶牛。FJ 想要确定这张照片的最大尺寸,照片的尺寸是照片中母牛的最大和最小位置之间的差异。
为了给自己拍一张更大的照片更好的机会,FJ 给了他一桶油漆,他可以用它来绘制他选择的任意一组白色牛的斑点,有效地将它们变成斑点的牛。请确定 FJ 可以拍摄的最大尺寸的照片,因为 FJ 可以选择画一些白色的奶牛(当然,如果他决定这样做更好,他不需要画任何白色奶牛)。
本人翻译:
在数轴上有
有两种牛:白牛和花斑牛。保证至少有一头白牛。你可以把白牛涂成花斑牛,不限数量,不限哪只。
找一段尽量长的区间,使得区间的两端点均有一头牛,且区间中白牛与花斑牛的数量相等。试求区间长度。
Source: P4186 [USACO18JAN] Cow at Large (Gold)
Cornered at last, Bessie has gone to ground in a remote farm. The farm consists of
N barns (2 \leq N \leq 10^5 ) andN-1 bidirectional tunnels between barns, so that there is a unique path between every pair of barns. Every barn which has only one tunnel is an exit. When morning comes, Bessie will surface at some barn and attempt to reach an exit.But the moment Bessie surfaces, the law will be able to pinpoint her location. Some farmers will then start at various exit barns, and attempt to catch Bessie. The farmers move at the same speed as Bessie (so in each time step, each farmer can move from one barn to an adjacent barn). The farmers know where Bessie is at all times, and Bessie knows where the farmers are at all times. The farmers catch Bessie if at any instant a farmer is in the same barn as Bessie, or crossing the same tunnel as Bessie. Conversely, Bessie escapes if she reaches an exit barn before any farms catch her.
Bessie is unsure about her chances of success, which depends on the number of farmers that the law is able to deploy. Given that Bessie surfaces at barn KK , help Bessie determine the minimum number of farmers who would be needed to catch Bessie, assuming that the farmers distribute themselves optimally among the exit barns.
你谷难得有个不错的翻译:
最后,Bessie被迫去了一个远方的农场。这个农场包含
但当Bessie露面的时候,她的位置就会暴露。此时,一些农民将从不同的出口谷仓出发尝试抓住Bessie。农民和Bessie的移动速度相同(在每个单位时间内,每个农民都可以从一个谷仓移动到相邻的一个谷仓,同时Bessie也可以这么做)。农民们和Bessie总是知道对方在哪里。如果在任意时刻,某个农民和Bessie处于同一个谷仓,或是二者在同一个隧道内,农民就可以抓住Bessie。反过来,如果Bessie在农民们抓住她之前到达一个出口谷仓,Bessie就可以逃走。
Bessie不确定她成功的机会,这取决于被雇佣的农民的数量。给定Bessie露面的谷仓K,帮助Bessie确定为了抓住她所需要的农民的最小数量。假定农民们会自己选择最佳的方案来安排他们出发的出口谷仓。
我:
在一棵有
开始时,每个叶子结点都可以放一个农民(也可以不放)。每个时刻,贝茜和农民都可以移动到相邻的一个结点。如果某一时刻农民与贝茜相遇了(在边上或点上均算),则贝茜将被抓住。双方均知道对方在哪儿。
试求最少需要多少农民才能抓住贝茜。
好了不黑洛谷了。洛谷上靠谱翻译也有不少。
举两个例子。
Source: [IPSC 2016] C – Counting swaps
Just like yesterday (in problem U of the practice session), Bob is busy, so Alice keeps on playing some single-player games and puzzles. In her newest puzzle she has a permutation of numbers from
1 ton . The goal of the puzzle is to sort the permutation using the smallest possible number of swaps.Instead of simply solving the puzzle, Alice is wondering about the probability of winning it just by playing at random. In order to answer this question, she needs to know the number of optimal solutions to her puzzle.
You are given a permutation
p_1, \dots, p_n of the numbers1 throughn . In each step you can choose two numbersx<y and swapp_x withp_y .Let
m be the minimum number of such swaps needed to sort the given permutation. Compute the number of different sequences of exactlym swaps that sort the given permutation. Since this number may be large, compute it modulo10^9+9 .
@LJC00118 的靠谱翻译然而又双叒叕被管理员咕了:
给定你一个
如果要用最少的操作次数将给定排列变成单调上升的序列
Source: [CodeForces 460C] Present
Little beaver is a beginner programmer, so informatics is his favorite subject. Soon his informatics teacher is going to have a birthday and the beaver has decided to prepare a present for her. He planted
n flowers in a row on his windowsill and started waiting for them to grow. However, after some time the beaver noticed that the flowers stopped growing. The beaver thinks it is bad manners to present little flowers. So he decided to come up with some solutions.There are
m days left to the birthday. The height of thei -th flower (assume that the flowers in the row are numbered from1 ton from left to right) is equal toa_{i} at the moment. At each of the remainingm days the beaver can take a special watering and waterw contiguous flowers (he can do that only once at a day). At that each watered flower grows by one height unit on that day. The beaver wants the height of the smallest flower be as large as possible in the end. What maximum height of the smallest flower can he get?
@ACの666 的靠谱翻译:
一个长度为
根据洛谷平均水平,假设您有初二或以上的英语水平,主要参加 CodeForces Div.2 或 Atcoder Regular Contest ,并且 CF Div.2 只能做前三/四题,ARC 只能做前两题。(如果您能 CF 紫名了您的读题速度肯定差不到哪儿去)
个人经验:先机翻,粗读一遍后回去看一遍原文。如果没读懂,最后对着翻译反复看原文。
Update: 这两篇文章介绍的读题方法比我讲的好多了
在英语编程比赛中如何既快又准地看懂题目意思
关于日文题目的一些快速读题技巧